3 10 59 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/fabee67bd35cfe2e273bfa3b3f40e31f.jpeg 3e5a2f46de659f4daa73013045277f58 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jews, Revenge! Subject The topic of the resource A call for revenge painted in blood after a pogrom Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Kadish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 26 1941 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of George Kadish/Zvi Kadushin Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Image https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/bd7b4798362166b59098faefa21c3de7.jpg 9ce419ed04bb0f5746771f0ba7b34009 Item with Analysis This adds an analysis field so you can add that to an item Analysis This 1932 propaganda poster is from the July Reichstag election. This election followed the premature end of the Reichstag and the Nazi party made great gains in which, for the first time, they became the largest party in parliament, but didn’t win a majority. Adolf Hitler is appointed as chancellor of Germany, which inevitably leads to the rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party in the years to come. The poster reads, “Over 300 National Socialists died for you — murdered by Marxist sub humanity!!! For work and food vote Adolf Hitler List 2.” The main argument that this poster is making is anti-communist, and pro-NSDAP, in addition to underlying pro-Christianity aspects in the visual aspect of the poster. In order to further analyze this piece of propaganda, the visual aspects of the poster must first be analyzed. The poster pushes for the election of Adolf Hitler in the 1932 election against Paul von Hindenburg. In the background of the poster is a cross with a swastika in the middle. The colors of the poster are red, black, and white. Each of these aspects present in the propaganda poster will be analyzed and compared to the 1927 NSDAP Propaganda Guidelines (Propaganda) and the later published Nuremberg Laws throughout this analysis. This poster was created and circulated at the tail end of the Great Depression, which is noted in the mention of jobs and food being given if Adolf Hitler is elected. During the Great Depression (August 1929 - March 1933), unemployment rose from 8% to 30% and industrial production dropped 42%. After appointed chancellor, Hitler used the economic environment to push for policies that were extremely nationalist: buying German goods only, and mainly getting the current administration out of leadership. Hitler and the rest of the Nazi Party blamed the current political and economic demise on the Jews and Communists. It is especially clear in the poster’s writing that the Communists were blamed for the Nazis killed during the political battles on the streets and in political meetings. This poster is mainly directed at the communists and targets them as the reason people must vote for Hitler for food and jobs, because in a normal, modern society these items are a given. The presence of a cross on the poster is a subtle target at religions other than Christianity in Germany. The Jehovah’s Witness and the Jews were not being outright violently targeted quite yet, but not even three years later, the Nuremberg Laws were published which legally “excluded Jews from German society” (Nuremberg). The Jehovah’s Witness members were despised by nationalists in Germany as the religious members sought to spread the Jehovah Witness religion by door-knocking and other such measures and with their ties to the United States. Apart from the communists, the Jehovah Witness were one of the first groups targeted by the Nazi Party (Bergen). This is in part due to the previously listed facts, but also due to it being against their religion to bear arms or swear loyalty to the state. In June of 1933, Prussia issued a ban on Jehovah Witness members stating that they were attracting and harboring former members of the Communist and Marxist parties. Evaluating the cross and swastika in regards to the rest of history, the cross also symbolizes anti-Semitism which primarily was because Nazis had convinced themselves that Jews were responsible for the traumatic collapse of the German home front and military moral in 1917 and 1918 (Moses). This piece of propaganda highlights the Nazi regime’s lack of tolerance for any type of semi-radical groups (religious, political etc.). This piece of propaganda is going to look different and have different motives than later pieces of propaganda because when this poster was circulated, Adolf Hitler had not yet been appointed chancellor and WWII had not yet started, and many of the “standard Nazi policies” had not yet been implemented. However, the 1927 Propaganda Guidelines had been published and this poster reflects them to a tee. Propaganda, according to the guidelines, must “always speak to the masses”, “limit itself to a few themes and repeat them incessantly”, “preaching prosperity... and patriotism to our confused people” (Propaganda). This reflects the Reich Flag Law (which came after the poster was published - 1935) which states that the colors of the Reich are black, white, and red (Nazi Sourcebook 186). In many ways this poster is simply a political election poster, but analyzing this piece of propaganda as a stand-alone poster does not allow for the proper reflection and it must instead be juxtaposed with the rest of the NSDAP propaganda posters produced between the late 1920s and 1940s, and with that perspective it is clear that the intentions of this poster is much more than just supporting Adolf Hitler’s election and has many underlying themes as discussed. This poster does an exemplary job at predicting the course of the future for Germany and the war, reflecting ideas and opinions that become furthered exploited in the 1930s and 40s: anti-communism, anti-Semitism, anti-Jehovah Witness, pro-nationalism, and pro-NSDAP. Works Cited: Propaganda Abteilung, Propaganda (Munich: Reichs-Parteileitung der N.S.D.A.P., 1927). Doris L. Bergen, War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust, 3rd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016). ISBN: 9781442242289. Office of the US Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1946), Vol. IV, pp. 7-10, 707, Vol. V pp. 916-17 [Docs. 2079-PS, 1416-PS, 1417-PS, 3179-PS] A. Dirk Moses, “Colonialism,” in The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies (2010) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource July 1932 Reichstag Election Poster Subject The topic of the resource Propaganda poster from the July 1932 Reichstag Elections Description An account of the resource The text translates as: “Over 300 National Socialists died for you — murdered by Marxist sub humanity!!! For work and food vote Adolf Hitler List 2.” The reference is to Nazis killed during the political battles on the streets and in political meetings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dr. Robert D. Brooks Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.bytwerk.com/gpa/posters1.htm Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Calvin College Nazi Propaganda Archive: pre-1933 posters Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July, 1932 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource German Type The nature or genre of the resource Propaganda Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alyvia Bruce https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/6a61ece08381880411303c9b099b28bd.jpeg 45dc8408c0612bc51d1635791110d15e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kovno Ghetto Burning Subject The topic of the resource Kovno Ghetto Burns during liquidation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Kadish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of George Kadish/Zvi Kadushin Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG image https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/456f036f4f49a566ab80da1f848c3a4c.jpg 6b4a5860dd109b05a639261f483976de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kovno Ghetto Fences Subject The topic of the resource Panrow street, which divided the Kovno Ghetto into two parts Description An account of the resource Photograph of the barbed wire fences of the ghetto Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Yad Vashem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Yad Vashem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Accessed 5/11/20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Yad Vashem Digital Collections Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG file https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/2aa2177457a31cd18cce927f1ef81d49.gif 34738aaa4fb7f57f00022df42c8b5be6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Map Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kovno Map Subject The topic of the resource Map of Kovno and the Kovno Ghetto Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource USHMM Holocaust Encyclopedia Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Accessed 5/11/20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource USHMM Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource GIF Image https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/c3e59a62ffbc792e530b953a1c13afc9.jpg a3f1057932151e2a9b85e6998e38b071 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/0055bb35df18183e0aae3b4a55edaedb.jpg 3527f561e25e476bdd0dccba78591ea2 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/b4a0d123b3533b18c3663fa80172d686.jpg 3232570ab2665c4c4e08926ce61cdf74 Item with Analysis This adds an analysis field so you can add that to an item Analysis The first photograph is an image of Laura Hillman (Hannelore Wolff), reflects in the stamps that she was born in Aurich on October 16th, 1923. This image captures Laura before much of the chaos in Germany has begun and her life is turned upside down. In the picture of Laura, she has a necklace of David’s Star symbolizing her Jewish faith. The second photograph is an image is of Laura Hillman’s concentration camp record on stamped metal. This reflects her maiden name (Wolff), the year she was born (1923) and when she was deported to the camps (1942). This image says so much in its simplicity, summing up all of the violence, starvation, and atrocities that Laura faced during her time in each concentration camp into one stamped piece of metal. The final image is of the Brunnlitz concentration camp which is one that Laura stayed in. This image shows the barracks where the prisoners were forced to stay in, the barbed wire fences keeping people both from leaving and entering the camp and the smoke stacks in the distance where the ovens were. Although this image is merely a black and white aerial shot, the history held in this still image speaks volumes and the cries of the despaired can be imagined. The grainy, vintage fashion of this image makes it seem like the Holocaust took place a very long time ago, and in some ways distances most modern individuals from the event, but in reality the terrible tragedies of WWII occurred no more than 78 years ago—well below the age of many people’s elderly family members. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Laura Hillman Testimony Analysis Subject The topic of the resource Testimony Analysis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alyvia Bruce Language A language of the resource English https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/3e00ccec22b0f49c0d346d95e28b1e59.png 860fba46ad46cd8b99ccf60b9b0e7f2f Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lublin/Majdanek concentration camp (as seen from afar) Description An account of the resource View of Majdanek camp from a nearby village. The smoke could be from the burning of corpses Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 1943 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/a72970a0e37569b2baf6c6743fd4eaec.gif 75168c002174cef646a54bf9ad2fc06b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Deportations to Killing Centers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource USHMM Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/map/major-deportations-to-killing-centers-1942-1944 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource gif Type The nature or genre of the resource Map https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/6e2f3dc29049440855d7aa8838608ce7.gif a234bd609db03971778f390eeab81b6b Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Majdanek Subject The topic of the resource The Holocaust Description An account of the resource Map depicting the layout of the Majdanek concentration camp Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1943 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/3c547cb474249e673f7618c7d65c8d08.jpg 94e86b3f3280d78836e1fb55c38feeb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nazi Propaganda Description An account of the resource Images for Propaganda Analysis Item with Analysis This adds an analysis field so you can add that to an item Analysis This poster for the elections of March 1933 displays Hitler and Hindenburg. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource March 1933 Election Poster Description An account of the resource March 1933 election poster: “In the deepest need Hindenburg chose Adolf Hitler for Reich Chancellor. You too should vote for List 1.” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.bytwerk.com/gpa/posters2.htm https://www.bytwerk.com/gpa/posters/hindhit.jpg Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Calvin College, German Propaganda Archive, courtesy of Dr. Robert D. Brooks Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Courtesy of Dr. Robert D. Brooks Language A language of the resource German Type The nature or genre of the resource Election poster Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NSDAP Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933