2 10 59 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/7dd70f714a592844936d8832efa6da4b.png 70b8bea3afc1697ef6d653e6129d01d8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Front of Socialist monument at Plaszow memorial camp Subject The topic of the resource Socialist monument at Plaszow memorial camp Description An account of the resource The socialist monument is a large structure that has figures in a mourning stance, heads bowed, and are cute across the front and back of the sculpture. This socialist monument is much larger than its fellow Jewish and Polish remembrance monuments at Plaszow camp. But together they "fulfill both national and international obligations to remember at Plaszow". Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Danielle Drozdewski Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Danielle Drozdewski Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Danielle Drozdewski Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/82d167d448974e1a23af60c11d5e1105.jpg f2a7e0b296d769ea021317324c4088fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nazi Propaganda Description An account of the resource Images for Propaganda Analysis Item with Analysis This adds an analysis field so you can add that to an item Analysis In “Then and Now,” a Nazi propaganda cartoon published in Die Brennessel on January 16, 1934, two images draw a sharp contrast between the Weimar and Nazi governments. In the top image, labeled Einst, or “then,” a Jew with a big nose and devilish smile stretches his massive hand over a German farm, while the residents, tiny in comparison to the Jew, are seen running away in fright. By contrast, the bottom image, labeled Jetzt, or “now,” shows a stern Nazi policeman slapping the Jew’s hand with a baton. The Jew is furious, while the German residents happily tend to their farm. The variety of messages conveyed by this cartoon reflect many key facets of how the Nazis appealed to German voters in late Weimar Germany. The Nazis viewed Communism as a Jewish plot, and one of the core ideologies of Communism is the abolition of private property. Thus, the image of a Nazi protecting people’s property from the Jews is meant to show how Nazis will protect the Germans from Communism. Similarly, the Nazis felt that the Social Democrats and the rest of the Weimar government were too weak to protect the German people, and thus the strong Nazi policeman in this image reminds a voter which party will really protect them. Overall, “Then and Now” serves as a microcosm of the way the Nazi party attracted voters in the early 1930’s. One of the most striking features of “Then and Now” is the depiction of the greedy Jew, with his diabolical smile, seizing the German farm. At first glance, this portrayal seems to be a rehash of a classic anti-semitic trope — Jews had been stereotyped as money-hungry for centuries in Europe (Lecture 2), and this cartoon is undoubtedly playing off of that stereotype. Yet, the particular form of greed displayed here — land theft — indicates that the cartoon is truly about another hatred of Hitler’s: Communism. Hitler believed that Jews had created Communism “as part of a plot to destroy Germany” (Bergen 56), and connecting Jewish greed with Communist land-theft was an effective way of uniting these issues in people’s minds. Furthermore, this idea of “Judeo-Bolshevism” served as a strategy to convince otherwise-apathetic Germans to adopt Nazi antisemitism. For example, one man interviewed by Allen said that he was not especially antisemitic, but he “saw the Communist danger, the Communist terror” (Allen 85). Indeed, after the Russian Revolution, and the rise of the German Communist Party, many Germans were concerned about a Communist takeover. Thus, linking these two issues allowed Hitler to capitalize on the fear of Communism to push his antisemitic agenda to the German public. The second aspect of “Then and Now” that highlights a Nazi electoral strategy is the use of force by the policeman to stop the Judeo-Bolshevist from taking the German house. After the humiliating loss of World War I, many Germans thought that the Social Democratic leadership of the Weimar Republic “symbolized the civilian weaklings who had supposedly betrayed Germany’s fighting heroes” (Bergen 64). Thus, the Nazis portrayed themselves as strong protectors of the German people; the Social Democrats may let the Jew steal your land, but the Nazis will stop him. Indeed, the German family in the “then” picture is portrayed as running away, whereas the “now” family is living happily under Nazi protection. However, there is a more sinister side to the Nazi use of force highlighted in “Then and Now.” A key Nazi strategy was the constant threat of physical violence, with the omnipresent SA reminding Germans that opposition to the Nazis was not the best idea (Lecture 7). The SA would constantly incite violence in German towns, and “the violence … was another step toward bringing the town’s troubled burghers over to Hitler’s side.” (Allen 68). Thus, viewers of “Then and Now” are reminded that the baton-wielding policeman who is stopping the Jew could just as easily be stopping them. Overall, the cartoon “Then and Now” is an excellent example of the Nazi’s electoral strategies as they rose to power in the early 1930’s. The Jew depicted as stealing German property reminded voters of both traditional antisemitic tropes and the new threat of Communism. By uniting these two issues, the cartoon expands the reach of each individual ideology. Furthermore, the presence of the Nazi policeman reminds Germans that only the Nazis can protect them from the evil Judeo-Bolshevists, while at the same time sending the message that the Nazis are more than willing to use violence against their enemies. Looking at this cartoon, it is easy to see how effectively Nazis were able to sell their fascist ideology to voters during this critical time in their rise to power. Works Cited: Allen, William Sheridan. The Nazi Seizure of Power: the Experience of a Single German Town, 1922-1945. Echo Point Books & Media, LLC, 2014. Bergen, Doris L. War & Genocide: a Concise History of the Holocaust. University of British Columbia Crane Library, 2017. Then and Now. Die Brennessel, 16 January 1934. From Calvin University German Propaganda Archive: https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/images/slides/011634.jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Then and Now Subject The topic of the resource Nazi Cartoon Description An account of the resource A picture contrasting "then," a Jew taking a German farm, and "now," a Nazi stopping the Jew from doing so. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Die Brennessel (Nazi Humor Magazine) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Calvin University German Propaganda Archive https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/images/slides/011634.jpg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Calvin University German Propaganda Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 16 1934 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource © 2015 by Randall Bytwerk Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg image Language A language of the resource German Type The nature or genre of the resource Cartoon Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Gul https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/bd7b4798362166b59098faefa21c3de7.jpg 9ce419ed04bb0f5746771f0ba7b34009 Item with Analysis This adds an analysis field so you can add that to an item Analysis This 1932 propaganda poster is from the July Reichstag election. This election followed the premature end of the Reichstag and the Nazi party made great gains in which, for the first time, they became the largest party in parliament, but didn’t win a majority. Adolf Hitler is appointed as chancellor of Germany, which inevitably leads to the rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party in the years to come. The poster reads, “Over 300 National Socialists died for you — murdered by Marxist sub humanity!!! For work and food vote Adolf Hitler List 2.” The main argument that this poster is making is anti-communist, and pro-NSDAP, in addition to underlying pro-Christianity aspects in the visual aspect of the poster. In order to further analyze this piece of propaganda, the visual aspects of the poster must first be analyzed. The poster pushes for the election of Adolf Hitler in the 1932 election against Paul von Hindenburg. In the background of the poster is a cross with a swastika in the middle. The colors of the poster are red, black, and white. Each of these aspects present in the propaganda poster will be analyzed and compared to the 1927 NSDAP Propaganda Guidelines (Propaganda) and the later published Nuremberg Laws throughout this analysis. This poster was created and circulated at the tail end of the Great Depression, which is noted in the mention of jobs and food being given if Adolf Hitler is elected. During the Great Depression (August 1929 - March 1933), unemployment rose from 8% to 30% and industrial production dropped 42%. After appointed chancellor, Hitler used the economic environment to push for policies that were extremely nationalist: buying German goods only, and mainly getting the current administration out of leadership. Hitler and the rest of the Nazi Party blamed the current political and economic demise on the Jews and Communists. It is especially clear in the poster’s writing that the Communists were blamed for the Nazis killed during the political battles on the streets and in political meetings. This poster is mainly directed at the communists and targets them as the reason people must vote for Hitler for food and jobs, because in a normal, modern society these items are a given. The presence of a cross on the poster is a subtle target at religions other than Christianity in Germany. The Jehovah’s Witness and the Jews were not being outright violently targeted quite yet, but not even three years later, the Nuremberg Laws were published which legally “excluded Jews from German society” (Nuremberg). The Jehovah’s Witness members were despised by nationalists in Germany as the religious members sought to spread the Jehovah Witness religion by door-knocking and other such measures and with their ties to the United States. Apart from the communists, the Jehovah Witness were one of the first groups targeted by the Nazi Party (Bergen). This is in part due to the previously listed facts, but also due to it being against their religion to bear arms or swear loyalty to the state. In June of 1933, Prussia issued a ban on Jehovah Witness members stating that they were attracting and harboring former members of the Communist and Marxist parties. Evaluating the cross and swastika in regards to the rest of history, the cross also symbolizes anti-Semitism which primarily was because Nazis had convinced themselves that Jews were responsible for the traumatic collapse of the German home front and military moral in 1917 and 1918 (Moses). This piece of propaganda highlights the Nazi regime’s lack of tolerance for any type of semi-radical groups (religious, political etc.). This piece of propaganda is going to look different and have different motives than later pieces of propaganda because when this poster was circulated, Adolf Hitler had not yet been appointed chancellor and WWII had not yet started, and many of the “standard Nazi policies” had not yet been implemented. However, the 1927 Propaganda Guidelines had been published and this poster reflects them to a tee. Propaganda, according to the guidelines, must “always speak to the masses”, “limit itself to a few themes and repeat them incessantly”, “preaching prosperity... and patriotism to our confused people” (Propaganda). This reflects the Reich Flag Law (which came after the poster was published - 1935) which states that the colors of the Reich are black, white, and red (Nazi Sourcebook 186). In many ways this poster is simply a political election poster, but analyzing this piece of propaganda as a stand-alone poster does not allow for the proper reflection and it must instead be juxtaposed with the rest of the NSDAP propaganda posters produced between the late 1920s and 1940s, and with that perspective it is clear that the intentions of this poster is much more than just supporting Adolf Hitler’s election and has many underlying themes as discussed. This poster does an exemplary job at predicting the course of the future for Germany and the war, reflecting ideas and opinions that become furthered exploited in the 1930s and 40s: anti-communism, anti-Semitism, anti-Jehovah Witness, pro-nationalism, and pro-NSDAP. Works Cited: Propaganda Abteilung, Propaganda (Munich: Reichs-Parteileitung der N.S.D.A.P., 1927). Doris L. Bergen, War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust, 3rd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016). ISBN: 9781442242289. Office of the US Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1946), Vol. IV, pp. 7-10, 707, Vol. V pp. 916-17 [Docs. 2079-PS, 1416-PS, 1417-PS, 3179-PS] A. Dirk Moses, “Colonialism,” in The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies (2010) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource July 1932 Reichstag Election Poster Subject The topic of the resource Propaganda poster from the July 1932 Reichstag Elections Description An account of the resource The text translates as: “Over 300 National Socialists died for you — murdered by Marxist sub humanity!!! For work and food vote Adolf Hitler List 2.” The reference is to Nazis killed during the political battles on the streets and in political meetings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dr. Robert D. Brooks Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.bytwerk.com/gpa/posters1.htm Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Calvin College Nazi Propaganda Archive: pre-1933 posters Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July, 1932 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource German Type The nature or genre of the resource Propaganda Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alyvia Bruce https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/98749bec9edc0c9cc8c074a9dc9b0786.jpeg 3f60b85f86f975661f3c367af7562136 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Women survivors in Buchenwald after liberation Subject The topic of the resource Buchenwald's Liberation Description An account of the resource Photo of women being liberated from Buchenwald Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Edith Koenig Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Database Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 April 11 - 1945 April 30 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/9a57e8ee7bdd090fa7b7d4294806b957.jpeg c21839d1b03e76cd074e6881250e101a Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ephraim Oshry Description An account of the resource Rabbi Ephraim Oshry conducts a memorial service at Fort IX Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eliezer Zilberis Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 1945 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Eliezer Zilberis Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Image https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/976cab3a440776e9abe77921565ac43d.jpeg 6d74e9e23b741ae81a84c3500fd49a60 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Messages on the Wall of the 9th Fort Subject The topic of the resource Messages on the Wall of the 9th Fort Description An account of the resource Messages scrawled in the wall of the 9th fort, a site outside of Kovno where tens of thousands of Jews were murdered Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Kadish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of George Kadish/Zvi Kadushin Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG File https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/c9a9648ca54f17dd5bfb0b3b6dab75d6.jpeg c0febe0dbd2d0b9a331efd9542663f69 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mass Graves at Fort IX Subject The topic of the resource Soviet troops exhume mass graves at the location of Fort IX Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Kadish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of George Kadish/Zvi Kadushin Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Image https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/6a61ece08381880411303c9b099b28bd.jpeg 45dc8408c0612bc51d1635791110d15e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kovno Ghetto Burning Subject The topic of the resource Kovno Ghetto Burns during liquidation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Kadish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of George Kadish/Zvi Kadushin Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG image https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/5d50fe2f8a14235b4e9c1f3694506506.jpeg 434d231c8224128a7b627453773f6bef Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vandalized Synagogue Kovno Description An account of the resource Prayer Shawls and Prayerbooks lay scattered after a synagogue was ransacked during the June 1941 Pogrom Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Kadish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1941 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of George Kadish/Zvi Kadushin Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Image https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1049-20/original/fabee67bd35cfe2e273bfa3b3f40e31f.jpeg 3e5a2f46de659f4daa73013045277f58 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jews, Revenge! Subject The topic of the resource A call for revenge painted in blood after a pogrom Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Kadish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived USHMM Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USHMM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 26 1941 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of George Kadish/Zvi Kadushin Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Image